Injunction
In junc tion (?), n. L. injunctio ,
fr. injungere ,injunctum ,
to join into, to enjoin. See Enjoin .
1. The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or
prohibiting.
2. That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command;
a precept; a direction.
For still they knew,and ought to have still remembered,
The high injunction,not to taste that fruit.
Milton.
The high injunction,not to taste that fruit.
Milton.
Necessary as the injunctions of lawful authority.
South.
South.
3. (Law) A
writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, insome cases, under
statutes, by a court of law,whereby a party is required to do or to refrain
from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.
Translate :
Dalam tion junc (?), N. L. injunctio, fr. injungere, injunctum,
untuk bergabung ke dalam, untuk melarang. Lihat memerintahkan.
1. Tindakan memerintahkan, tindakan mengarahkan, memerintahkan,
atau melarang.
2. Itu yang diperintahkan, perintah, mandat, dekrit, perintah,
ajaran a; arah.
Untuk tetap saja mereka tahu, dan seharusnya masih ingat,
Perintah yang tinggi, tidak untuk mencicipi buah itu.
Milton.
Diperlukan sebagai perintah dari otoritas hukum.
Selatan.
3. (Hukum) Sebuah surat perintah atau proses, yang diberikan oleh
pengadilan ekuitas, dan, kasus insome, berdasarkan undang-undang, oleh
pengadilan, di mana satu pihak diperlukan untuk melakukan atau menahan diri dari
melakukan tindakan-tindakan tertentu, sesuai dengan urgensi dari tertulis.
&hand; Hal ini lebih umum digunakan sebagai pencegahan
daripada sebagai proses restoratif, meskipun tidak berarti terbatas pada
mantan.
Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating
conjunctions (also called dependent words or subordinator) is a conjunction
used to link dependent clauses (clauses) with independent clauses (main
clause).
Commonly
used conjunctions are after, although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as
though, Because, before, even if, even though, how, if, if only, in order that,
once, Provided ( that), rather than, since, so that, than, that, though, till,
unless, until, Whether, when, Whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while.
Clause
dependent relationship with the main clause (independent clause) is helpful in
expressing an idea or ideas and their relationships in a sentence and also to
demonstrate the importance of the idea / ideas with one another.
Example:
- We did
not enjoy the day Because the weather was so awful.
- Because
it was raining, I took my umbrella.
- I'll
start to think about it when I have to write my report.
- I was so
tired that I feel asleep.
- Do it
before you forget.
- Let us
wait until the rain stops.
- After
she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- If the
paperwork arrives on time, your checks will be mailed on Tuesday.
Subordinating
conjunction is placed in front of the dependent clause. And dengansubordinating
conjunction with, the dependent clause can be placed before the main clause
(followed by a comma) or after the main clause (sometimes use a comma in front
of it).
- Although
it was hot, he was wearing a coat.
- He was
wearing a coat although it was hot.
Some
conjunctions shows the meaning of time (time), option (choice), cause and
reason (cause and reason), manner or attitude (manner), effects and outcomes
(effects and result), discrepancy or difference (Opposition or contrast), where
( location), and condition (condition):
a. Time:
after, before, once, when, Whenever, while, since, until
b. Choice:
Whether, rather than
c. Manner:
as, as if
d. Cause
and reason: as, Because, since
e. Effect
and result: so, so that, in order that, that
f.
Opposition or contrast: although, though, even though, whereas, while
g.
Location: wherever, where
h.
Condition: if, unless, only if, even if, Provided (that)
Translate :
Subordinating conjunctions (disebut juga dependent words atau subordinator) adalah konjungsi yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dependent clauses (anak
kalimat) dengan independent clauses (induk kalimat).
Konjungsi yang biasa digunakan adalah after, although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though, because, before, even if, even though, how, if, if only, in order that, once, provided (that), rather than, since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until, whether, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while.
Hubungan dependent clause dengan main clause (independent clause) sangat membantu dalam mengungkapkan ide atau gagasan dan relasinya dalam kalimat dan juga untuk menunjukkan tingkat kepentingan antara ide/gagasan yang satu dengan yang lain.
Contoh:
Konjungsi yang biasa digunakan adalah after, although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though, because, before, even if, even though, how, if, if only, in order that, once, provided (that), rather than, since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until, whether, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while.
Hubungan dependent clause dengan main clause (independent clause) sangat membantu dalam mengungkapkan ide atau gagasan dan relasinya dalam kalimat dan juga untuk menunjukkan tingkat kepentingan antara ide/gagasan yang satu dengan yang lain.
Contoh:
- We did not enjoy the day Because the weather was so awful.
- Because it was raining, I took my umbrella.
- I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.
- I was so tired that I feel asleep.
- Do it before you forget.
- Let us wait until the rain stops.
- After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- If the paperwork arrives on time, your checks will be mailed on Tuesday.
- Although it was hot, he was wearing a coat.
- He was wearing a coat although it was hot.
Beberapa konjungsi menunjukkan makna waktu (time), pilihan (choice), sebab dan alasan (cause and reason), cara atau sikap (manner), akibat dan hasil (effect and result), pertentangan atau perbedaan (opposition or contrast), tempat (location), dan kondisi (condition):
a. Time: after, before, once, when, Whenever, while, since, until
b. Choice: Whether, rather than
c. Manner: as, as if
d. Cause and reason: as, Because, since
e. Effect and result: so, so that, in order that, that
f. Opposition or contrast: although, though, even though, whereas, while
g. Location: wherever, where
h. Condition: if, unless, only if, even if, Provided (that)
Coordinating Conjunction
Coordinating
conjunctions are conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or clauses
(independent clause) which have a similar position or the same grammatical
structure in a sentence. There are seven conjunctions are used: for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, so (commonly abbreviated fanboys to facilitate the recall).
Examine
the use of coordinating conjunctions that connect words with the word, phrase
by phrase, and clause by clause (which were bold are conjunctions, whereas
underlined is a word, phrase, or clause).
a. Word
with the word (subject, predicate / verb, object)
- You and
I will come together.
- It can
be black, white or gray.
- Most
children like cookies and milk.
- Lilacs
and Violets are usually purple.
b. Phrase
by phrase
- The gold
is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside.
- Daniel's
uncle Claimed that he spent most of his youth dancing on rooftops and
swallowing goldfish.
-
Manufacturers must be free to develop their ideas and to package their
products.
- He
reappeared a few minutes later looking Embarrassed yet Appearing otherwise
unruffled.
c. Clause
by clause
- I wanted
to sit in the front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early.
- It's an
old car, but it's very reliable.
- It was
raining, so I took my umbrella.
- The sun
is warm, yet the air is cool.
- I do not
care for the beach, but I enjoy a good vacation in the mountains.
The
important thing to remember when using the coordinating conjunctions:
1. We
recommend using conjunctions in the middle of a sentence. Conjunctions are
located at the beginning of the sentence grammatically it is not advisable.
Even so, to attract attention or assert additional other information relating
to the preceding sentence, the sentence structure at the beginning of a
sentence with a conjunction is now commonly used.
2. Use
commas. If using clause use a comma before the conjunction. However, if the
clause is short, for example in the sentence She is kind so she helps people,
then it can not be used elsewhere. On the word / phrase, you should use a comma
at the end of a word / phrase or before conjunctions that there are two or more
words / phrases, such as the example above: It can be black, white or gray.
3. If you
use independent clauses using clause. Each clause is connected by conjunctions
should be able to stand alone as a sentence if conjunctions omitted.
Sentence
in which the use coordinating conjunctions also called compound sentences.
Translate :
Coordinating conjunctions adalah konjungsi
yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata, frase, atau klausa (independent clause) yang mempunyai kedudukan setara atau struktur
gramatikal yang sama dalam kalimat. Ada tujuh konjungsi yang digunakan: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (biasa disingkat FANBOYS untuk memudahkan dalam
mengingat).
Perhatikan contoh penggunaan coordinating conjunctions yang menghubungkan kata dengan kata, frase dengan frase, dan klausa dengan klausa (yang diberi huruf tebal adalah konjungsi, sedangkan yang bergaris bawah adalah kata, frase, atau klausa).
a. Kata dengan kata (subjek, predikat/verba, objek)
- You and I will come together.
Perhatikan contoh penggunaan coordinating conjunctions yang menghubungkan kata dengan kata, frase dengan frase, dan klausa dengan klausa (yang diberi huruf tebal adalah konjungsi, sedangkan yang bergaris bawah adalah kata, frase, atau klausa).
a. Kata dengan kata (subjek, predikat/verba, objek)
- You and I will come together.
- It can be black, white or gray.
- Most children like cookies and milk.
- Lilacs and Violets are usually purple.
b. Frase dengan frase
- The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside.
- Daniel's uncle Claimed that he spent most of his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish.
- Manufacturers must be free to develop their ideas and to package their products.
- He reappeared a few minutes later looking Embarrassed yet Appearing otherwise unruffled.
c. Klausa dengan klausa
- I wanted to sit in the front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early.
- It's an old car, but it's very reliable.
- It was raining, so I took my umbrella.
- The sun is warm, yet the air is cool.
- I do not care for the beach, but I enjoy a good vacation in the mountains. Hal penting yang perlu diingat ketika menggunakan coordinating conjunctions:
1. Sebaiknya gunakan konjungsi di tengah kalimat. Konjungsi yang terletak di awal kalimat secara gramatikal memang tidak disarankan. Meskipun begitu, untuk menarik perhatian atau menegaskan tambahan informasi lain yang berkaitan dengan kalimat sebelumnya, struktur kalimat dengan konjungsi di awal kalimat sekarang ini sudah umum dipakai.
2. Gunakan tanda koma. Jika menggunakan klausa gunakan tanda koma sebelum konjungsi. Tetapi, jika klausa itu pendek, misalnya pada kalimat She is kind so she helps people, maka koma bisa tidak dipakai. Pada kata/frase, sebaiknya gunakan tanda koma pada akhir kata/frase atau sebelum konjungsi yang terdapat dua atau lebih kata/frase, seperti contoh di atas: It can be black, white or grey.
3. Jika memakai klausa gunakan independent clause. Setiap klausa yang dihubungkan dengan konjungsi harus dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat jika konjungsi dihilangkan.
Kalimat yang di dalamnya memakai coordinating conjunctions disebut juga compound sentences.
Correlative Conjunction
Correlative
conjunctions are conjunctions are used to connect the elements of the sentence
between words by word, phrase by phrase, and clause by clause (as well as
coordinating conjunctions).
These
conjunctions are always used in pairs. Sentence elements that should have
accrued to be connected in parallel (parallel) according to the grammatical
structure. If the subject is singular and the plural is connected, then the
closest subject will determine whether it is singular or plural verb.
Conjunctions
are commonly used are:
- Both ...
and
- Either
... or
- Neither
... nor
- Not only
... but also
- Whether
... or
example:
-She can
both speak and write Japanese.
- Both my
sister and my brother play the piano.
- I'm
going to buy either a camera or a CD player with the money.
- Either
she goes or I go.
-
Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
- He not
only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
- He is
Neither rich nor famous.
- Neither
Tom's mother nor his father spoke English.
- Whether
you win this race or lose it does not matter as long as you do your best.
- She was
uncertain Whether to stay or leave.
- I did
not know Whether to believe him or not.
If using
coorelative conjunctions to connect independent clauses, punctuation you should
use a comma (,) before the second clause.
- Either
Jane will conclude the experiment by April, or she will ask for additional
research funds.
Translate :
Correlative conjunctions adalah konjungsi yang dipakai untuk
menghubungkan unsur-unsur kalimat antara kata dengan kata, frase dengan frase,
dan klausa dengan klausa (seperti halnya coordinating conjunctions).
Konjungsi ini selalu digunakan
berpasangan. Unsur-unsur kalimat yang dihubungkan harus mempunyai kedudukan
sejajar (parallel) sesuai dengan struktur gramatikal. Jika subjek singular dan
plural dihubungkan, maka subjek yang paling dekat akan menentukan apakah verb
itu singular atau plural.
Konjungsi yang umumnya digunakan
adalah:
- both…and
- either…or
- neither…nor
- not only…but also
- whether…or
- both…and
- either…or
- neither…nor
- not only…but also
- whether…or
Contoh:
-She can both speak and write Japanese.
- Both my sister and my brother play the piano.
- I’m going to buy either a camera or a CD player with the money.
- Either she goes or I go.
- Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
- He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
- He is neither rich nor famous.
- Neither Tom’s mother nor his father spoke English.
- Whether you win this race or lose it doesn’t matter as long as you do your best.
- She was uncertain whether to stay or leave.
- I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
-She can both speak and write Japanese.
- Both my sister and my brother play the piano.
- I’m going to buy either a camera or a CD player with the money.
- Either she goes or I go.
- Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
- He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
- He is neither rich nor famous.
- Neither Tom’s mother nor his father spoke English.
- Whether you win this race or lose it doesn’t matter as long as you do your best.
- She was uncertain whether to stay or leave.
- I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
Jika menggunakan coorelative
conjunctions untuk menghubungkan independent clauses, sebaiknya gunakan tanda
baca koma (,) sebelum klausa yang kedua.
- Either Jane will conclude the experiment by April, or she will ask for additional research funds.
- Either Jane will conclude the experiment by April, or she will ask for additional research funds.
http://kanjengguru.blog.com/materi-grammar/correlative-conjunctions/
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