Direct and Indirect
Conversation
(direct speech) is a form of direct speech. This sentence also called quoted
speech
Direct
conversations conducted using one word according to what he said.
We use
quotes to say sentences which we quote, for example:
a)
"Let` s celebrate, "she said," our victory. "
b)
"May I join your?" he asked
c) "I
haven` t played that game. "
d) "I
was taking a bath"
e)
"We had taken the wrong turn."
Conversations
indirectly (indirect speech) called also reported speech. In stating what other
people usually do not use the phrase spoken (direct speech), but use indirect
conversation.
There are
several things that must be changed when changing the conversation directly
into indirect conversation:
1) Promina
(I, you, she, he, we, they) and ownership (my self, your self, herself,
themself)
• Martin
asked, "Would you watch a movie with me?"
• Martin
asked if I wanted to watch a movie with him
2) The
time (tenses) usually occurs through direct conversations more remote than when
we share it with other people.
Examples
of indirect speech:
a) She
said she hadn `t plated the game
b) I was
sure we would survive
c) I told
her that she could choose
Indirect
Question
Direct
speech. "When will you sleep /"
He asked
me when I would sleep.
Direct and
indirect speech consists of 3 types:
1)
Statement (statement)
2) Command
(command)
3)
Question (question)
1)
Statement
In
indirect statement. We use that word (that) as a liaison between the
introductory sentence (introductory phrase) and the words were reported
(reported words). Introductory sentences in indirect statement is
He said
He said to
me that = reported words
He told me
Example:
a) Mary
told herfriend; (I have been to Bali twice)
b) Mary
told her friends that she had been to Bali twice
a) Father
said: (I am going out of town tomorrow)
b) Father
said that he was going out of town the following day
a) Mary
told John: (my father warned me last night)
b) Mary
told John that her father had warned her the night before
a) My
sister said to me: (I don `t like tennis)
b) My
sister said to me that she didn `t like tennis
a) Tom
said: (I didn `t go to school this morning)
b) Tom
said that he hadn `t gone to school that morning
If the
introductory sentence in the form of the simple present tense, the sentence
which reported no change.
Example:
a) John
say `s: {I will go to Bandung tomorrow}
b) John
says that he will go to London tomorrow
a) Mary `s
say; {i have seen that movie}
b) Mary `s
say that she has seen that movie
a) My
brother say `s: {I met Tom at the party last night}
b) My
brother `s say that he met Tom at the party last night
a) Tom say
`s: {I don` t like english}
b) Tom `s
say that he doesn` t like english
2) Command
(command)
Command
is divided into 2 (two) parts:
1)
Positive command
2)
Negative command
• 1)
Positive command
In the
command we add to positive in front of the command line. As a liaison between
the introductory sentence and orders reported in the introductory sentences of
this type are:
He asked
me
He told me
To +
infinitive
E.g:
a) He
asked me (open your book)
b) He
asked me to open my book
a) Mary
told me: (stop talking to jane)
b) Mary
told me to stop talking to jane
a) asked
John Mather; (Pay attention to what I say0
b) mather
asked to John to pay attention to what she says
a) John
told Mary; (Wait untill I come)
b) John
told Mary to wait untill he come
a) The
teacher said to the student: (Be quiet while I am talking)
b) The
teacher told the student to be quiet while he is talking
• 2)
Negative Command
In
negative commands us not to add the commands with the reported
E.g:
Mary told
John: (Don `t wait for me)
Mary told
John not to wait for her
a) I told
him; (Don `t mention it to anyone)
b) I told
him not to mention it to anyone
a) Father
asked her; (Don `t go there alone0
b) Father
told her not to go there alone
a) Ira
asked Tom: (Don `t come to my house again)
b) Ira
asked Tom not to come to her house again
a) asked
John Mather; (Don `t smoke to much)
b) John
Mather asked not to smoke to much
3)
Question (question)
Ask, Not
say or tell, is used to report yes / no questions.
Yes / no
Question Noun Clause
Sam said
to me, "Are you hungry?" Sam asked me if I was hungry.
Sam said
to Jane, "Are you hungry?" Sam asked Jane if she was hungry
Incorect:
Sam asked me that I was hungry
If, not
that, is used after ask to intruduce a noun clause
- Sam
asked me if I was hungry.
Sam asked
me Whether I was hungry
Whether
has the same meaning as if. (See chart 14-4 for the use of or not)
- Sam
asked if I was hungry
The (pro)
noun object (eg, me) may be omitted after ask
- Sam
wanted to know if I was hungry
- Sam
wondered if I was hungry
- Sam
inquired Whether or not I was hungry
In
addition to ask, yes / no questions can be reported by using want to know,
wonder, and inquire.
Translate
Percakapan
langsung (direct speech) adalah bentuk kalimat langsung. Kalimat ini biasa
disebut juga quoted speech
Percakapan langsung dilakukan dengan menggunakan perkataan seseorang sesuai dengan yang ia ucapkan.
Kita gunakan tanda petik untuk mengatakan kalimat yang kita kutip, contoh :
a) “Let`s celebrate,” she said,”our victory.”
b) “May I join your?” he asked
c) “I haven`t played that game.”
d) “I was taking a bath”
e) “We had taken the wrong turn.”
Percakapan tidak langsung (indirect speech) biasa disebut juga reported speech. Dalam menyatakan perkataan orang lain biasanya kita tidak menggunakan kalimat yang diucapkannya (direct speech), tetapi menggunakan percakapan tidak langsung.
Ada beberapa hal yang harus dirubah pada saat mengubah percakapan langsung menjadi percakapan tidak langsung :
1) Promina (I, you, she, he, we, they) dan kepemilikan (my self, your self, herself, themself)
• Martin asked, “Would you watch a movie with me?”
• Martin asked if I wanted to watch a movie with him
2) Bentuk waktu (tenses) percakapan langsung biasanya terjadi lebih lampau dibandingkan saat kita menceritakannya kembali kepada orang lain.
Contoh indirect speech :
a) She said she hadn`t plated the game
b) I was sure we would survive
c) I told her that she could choose
Indirect Question
Direct speech.” When will you sleep/”
He asked me when I would sleep.
Direct &indirect speech terdiri dari 3 jenis :
1) Statement (pernyataan)
2) Command (perintah)
3) Question (pertanyaan)
1) Statement
Dalam indirect statement. Kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introductory phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah
He said
He said to me that=reported words
He told me
Example :
a) Mary told herfriend ;(I have been to bali twice)
b) Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice
Percakapan langsung dilakukan dengan menggunakan perkataan seseorang sesuai dengan yang ia ucapkan.
Kita gunakan tanda petik untuk mengatakan kalimat yang kita kutip, contoh :
a) “Let`s celebrate,” she said,”our victory.”
b) “May I join your?” he asked
c) “I haven`t played that game.”
d) “I was taking a bath”
e) “We had taken the wrong turn.”
Percakapan tidak langsung (indirect speech) biasa disebut juga reported speech. Dalam menyatakan perkataan orang lain biasanya kita tidak menggunakan kalimat yang diucapkannya (direct speech), tetapi menggunakan percakapan tidak langsung.
Ada beberapa hal yang harus dirubah pada saat mengubah percakapan langsung menjadi percakapan tidak langsung :
1) Promina (I, you, she, he, we, they) dan kepemilikan (my self, your self, herself, themself)
• Martin asked, “Would you watch a movie with me?”
• Martin asked if I wanted to watch a movie with him
2) Bentuk waktu (tenses) percakapan langsung biasanya terjadi lebih lampau dibandingkan saat kita menceritakannya kembali kepada orang lain.
Contoh indirect speech :
a) She said she hadn`t plated the game
b) I was sure we would survive
c) I told her that she could choose
Indirect Question
Direct speech.” When will you sleep/”
He asked me when I would sleep.
Direct &indirect speech terdiri dari 3 jenis :
1) Statement (pernyataan)
2) Command (perintah)
3) Question (pertanyaan)
1) Statement
Dalam indirect statement. Kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introductory phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah
He said
He said to me that=reported words
He told me
Example :
a) Mary told herfriend ;(I have been to bali twice)
b) Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice
a) Father said : (I am going out of town tomorrow)
b) Father said that he was going out of town the following day
a) Mary told John : (my father warned me last night)
b) Mary told John that her father had warned her the night before
a) My sister said to me : (I don`t like tennis)
b) My sister said to me that she didn`t like tennis
a) Tom said: (I didn`t go to school this morning)
b) Tom said that he hadn`t gone to school that morning
Apabila
kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk simple present tense, maka kalimat yang
dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.
Example :
a) John say`s : {I will go to bandung tomorrow}
b) John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
Example :
a) John say`s : {I will go to bandung tomorrow}
b) John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
a) Mary
say`s ; {i have seen that film}
b) Mary say`s that she has seen that film
b) Mary say`s that she has seen that film
a) My
brother say`s : {I met Tom at the party last night}
b) My brother say`s that he met Tom at the party last night
b) My brother say`s that he met Tom at the party last night
a) Tom
say`s : {I don`t like english}
b) Tom say`s that he doesn`t like english
b) Tom say`s that he doesn`t like english
2) Command
(perintah)
Command dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :Ø
1) Positive command
2) Negative command
Command dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :Ø
1) Positive command
2) Negative command
• 1)
Positive command
Dalam perintah positive kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya. Sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
He asked me
He told me
To + infinitive
E.g :
a) He asked me ( open your book)
b) He asked me to open my book
Dalam perintah positive kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya. Sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
He asked me
He told me
To + infinitive
E.g :
a) He asked me ( open your book)
b) He asked me to open my book
a) Mary
told me : (stop talking to jane)
b) Mary told me to stop talking to jane
b) Mary told me to stop talking to jane
a) Mather
asked John ; ( Pay attention to what I say0
b) mather asked to John to pay attention to what she says
b) mather asked to John to pay attention to what she says
a) John
told mary ; ( Wait untill I come)
b) John told Mary to wait untill he come
b) John told Mary to wait untill he come
a) The
teacher said to the student : (Be quiet while I am talking)
b) The teacher told the student to be quiet while he is talking
• 2) Negative Command
Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan
E.g :
Mary told John : (Don`t wait for me)
Mary told John not to wait for her
b) The teacher told the student to be quiet while he is talking
• 2) Negative Command
Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan
E.g :
Mary told John : (Don`t wait for me)
Mary told John not to wait for her
a) I told
him ; (Don`t mention it to anyone)
b) I told him not to mention it to anyone
b) I told him not to mention it to anyone
a) Father
asked her ; (Don`t go there alone0
b) Father told her not to go there alone
b) Father told her not to go there alone
a) Ira
asked Tom : (Don`t come to my house again)
b) Ira asked Tom not to come to her house again
b) Ira asked Tom not to come to her house again
a) Mather
asked John ; (Don`t smoke to much)
b) Mather asked John not to smoke to much
3) Question (pertanyaan)
Ask, Not say or tell, is used to report yes/no questions.
Yes/no Question Noun Clause
Sam said to me, “Are you hungry?” Sam asked me if I was hungry.
Sam said to jane, “Are you hungry?” Sam asked Jane if she was hungry
Incorect : Sam asked me that I was hungry
If, not that, is used after ask to intruduce a noun clause
- Sam asked me if I was hungry.
Sam asked me whether I was hungry
Whether has the same meaning as if. (see chart 14-4 for the use of or not)
- Sam asked if I was hungry
The (pro) noun object (e.g.,me) may be omitted after ask
- Sam wanted to know if I was hungry
- Sam wondered if I was hungry
- Sam inquired whether or not I was hungry
b) Mather asked John not to smoke to much
3) Question (pertanyaan)
Ask, Not say or tell, is used to report yes/no questions.
Yes/no Question Noun Clause
Sam said to me, “Are you hungry?” Sam asked me if I was hungry.
Sam said to jane, “Are you hungry?” Sam asked Jane if she was hungry
Incorect : Sam asked me that I was hungry
If, not that, is used after ask to intruduce a noun clause
- Sam asked me if I was hungry.
Sam asked me whether I was hungry
Whether has the same meaning as if. (see chart 14-4 for the use of or not)
- Sam asked if I was hungry
The (pro) noun object (e.g.,me) may be omitted after ask
- Sam wanted to know if I was hungry
- Sam wondered if I was hungry
- Sam inquired whether or not I was hungry
In addition
to ask, yes/no questions can be reported by using want to know, wonder, and
inquire.
Buku
Cerdas Tata Bahasa Inggris, Redaksi Bukune, Bukune
Practical Complete English Grammar, M.J Lado, Titik Terang
Practical Complete English Grammar, M.J Lado, Titik Terang
Example Question
Direct
1.
Jim said, “ I am sleepy”
2.
Sally said, “ I don’t like chocolate”
3.
Marry said, “ I am planning to take a trip”
4.
Tom said, “ I have already eaten lunch”
5.
Kate said, “ I called my doctor”
6.
Mr. Nice said, “ I am going to go to Chicago”
7.
Eric said, “ I will come to the meeting”
8.
Jean said, “ I may go to the library”
9.
Tead said, “ I have to finish my work”
10.
Ms. Young said, “ I must talk to professor”
11.
Jessica said, “ I may go to library”
12.
Alice said, “ I should visit my aunt and uncle”
Indirect
1.
Jim said that he was sleepy
2.
Sally said that she didn’t like chocolate
3.
Marry said that she was planning to take a trip
4.
Tom said that he had already eaten lunch
5.
Kate said that she had called my doctor
6.
Mr. Nice said that he was going to go to Chicago
7.
Eric said that he would come to the meeting
8.
Jean said that she might go to the library
9.
Tead said that he had to finish my work
10.
Ms. Young said that she had to talk to professor
11.
Jessica said that she might go to library
12.
Alice said that she should visit her aunt and
uncle
